The venipuncture sampling method remains the norm for sampling in most instances, though alternatives to venipuncture are becoming more popular for many reasons. What are the alternatives to venipuncture?
The development of sophisticated biometrics and analytic equipment has led to a trend toward significantly smaller volume blood samples and eliminating the need for special handling and refrigeration. Standard venipuncture blood test require a sample taken from the medial cubital vein of the arm on the anterior side of the elbow. This vein is relatively accessible and close to the skin.
Typical whole venipuncture blood sample volumes vary according to weight and frequency, but 100ml is the usual one-time draw for a person weighing approximately 100 lbs.
Less invasive options for blood collection requires a substantially smaller sample size for an accurate analysis. Important breakthroughs have resulted from developments in sampling devices and more sophisticated analytical instrumentation.
1. Dried Blood Spots (DBS)
The DBS cards were used with a heel-stick method, which was a lifesaver for newborns. The DBS and heel-stick method continues to be used for infants and babies, and a DBS and finger-stick method continues to have value for adults as well.
The drop-sized sample, placed on a specially treated card and dried, can be transported without any special handling. This pioneering version of microsampling can be performed from a remote location.
2. Pre-Cut Dried Blood Spot (PCDBS)
3. Dried Plasma Spot (DPS)
4. Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling Technology